A jaw crusher is a primary crushing machine used in various industries, including mining, construction, and demolition. It is designed to crush large rocks into smaller particle sizes for further processing. Understanding the working principle of a jaw crusher is crucial for efficient and effective operation.
The jaw crusher consists of a fixed jaw plate and a movable jaw plate. When the crusher works, the motor drives the belt and pulley, making the movable jaw move up and down through the eccentric shaft. When the movable jaw rises, the angle between the fixed jaw and the movable jaw becomes larger, thereby pushing the movable jaw plate closer to the fixed jaw plate. At the same time, the material is crushed or split to achieve the purpose of crushing.
The crushing process in a jaw crusher involves multiple stages. First, the raw materials are fed into the crushing chamber through the vibrating feeder. The material is initially crushed between the fixed jaw and the movable jaw plates. The crushed material is then discharged through the discharge opening at the bottom of the crusher.
The working principle of a jaw crusher can be summarized as follows:
Feed Hopper: The raw materials are loaded into the feed hopper, which leads the material towards the crushing chamber.
Eccentric Shaft: The eccentric shaft is driven by the motor through the pulley and V-belt. It converts the rotary motion of the motor into the reciprocating motion of the jaw plates.
Fixed Jaw Plate: The fixed jaw plate is a stationary part of the crusher. It is rigidly mounted on the frame and does not move during operation. Its role is to provide support and maintain the position of the movable jaw plate.
Movable Jaw Plate: The movable jaw plate is attached to the movable jaw and moves back and forth against the fixed jaw plate. It is driven by the eccentric shaft and connected to the toggle plate, which controls the movement of the jaw.
Toggle Plate: The toggle plate is a safety device that connects the movable jaw to the frame. It acts as a link between the two jaw plates and transmits the crushing force from the movable jaw to the fixed jaw. In case of excessive load or uncrushable material, the toggle plate breaks to protect the crusher from damage.
Crushing Chamber: The crushing chamber is the space between the fixed jaw and the movable jaw plates. It is where the actual crushing takes place. The geometry of the chamber determines the size of the crushed material.
Discharge Opening: The discharge opening is located at the bottom of the crusher. The crushed material exits the crusher through this opening.
During the operation of the jaw crusher, the motor drives the eccentric shaft to rotate through the belt pulley, which causes the movable jaw to move periodically towards the fixed jaw. The material is crushed in the crushing chamber by the combined action of the movable jaw plate and the fixed jaw plate. The crushed material is discharged through the discharge opening, and the process is repeated continuously as new material enters the crusher.
